1xxb. From WikiDiff, we have that the difference between the nouns psyche and nous is that psyche means the mind, human soul, or spirit while nous means, in philosophy, the mind or intellect, or reason, both rational and emotional.
Wikipedia reports that in philosophy, common English translations include "understanding" and "mind"; or sometimes "thought" or "reason" (in the sense of that which reasons, not the activity of reasoning). It is also often described as something equivalent to perception except that it works within the mind ("the mind's eye"). It has been suggested that the basic meaning is something like "awareness." In colloquial British English, nous also denotes "good sense," which is close to an everyday meaning it had in ancient Greece
For Aristotle, nous is the basic understanding or awareness that allows human beings to think rationally. For Aristotle, this was distinct from the processing of sensory perception, including the use of imagination and memory, which other animals can do. One apprehends the axiomatic truths of the sciences, he taught, by direct intellectual intuition, or nous.
In early Greek usage, nous meant wit.
The earliest surviving text that uses the word nous is the Iliad. Agamemnon says to Achilles: "Do not thus, mighty though you are, godlike Achilles, seek to deceive me with your wit (nous); for you will not get by me nor persuade me."
In early Greek uses, Homer used nous to signify mental activities of both mortals and immortals, for example what they really have on their mind as opposed to what they say aloud. It was one of several words related to thought, thinking, and perceiving with the mind. In pre-Socratic philosophy, it became increasingly distinguished as a source of knowledge and reasoning and opposed to mere sense perception, or thinking influenced by the body such as emotion. For example, Heraclitus complained that "much learning does not teach nous."
Among some Greek authors, a faculty of intelligence known as a higher mind came to be considered as a property of the cosmos as a whole.
The work of Parmenides set the scene for Greek philosophy to come and the concept of nous was central to his radical proposals. He claimed that reality as the senses perceive it is not a world of truth at all, because sense perception is so unreliable, and what is perceived is so uncertain and changeable. Instead he argued for a dualism wherein nous and related words (the verb for thinking, which describes its mental perceiving activity, noein, and the unchanging and eternal objects of this perception noēta) describe a form of perception which is not physical, but intellectual only, distinct from sense perception and the objects of sense perception.
Anaxagoras, born about 500 BC, is the first person who is definitely known to have explained the concept of a nous (mind), which arranged all other things in the cosmos in proper order, set them rotating and continued to control them to some extent, having an especially strong connection with living things. Before Anaxagoras, Empedocles, like Hesiod much earlier, described cosmic order and living things as caused by a cosmic version of love, and Pythagoras and Heraclitus, saw the ordering principle as logos, which is rendered reason in English.
1x** . Please see Mechanism and its alternatives
http://www.sophia-project.org/uploads/1/3/9/5/13955288/broad_mechanism.pdf
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