7. We concede that Ryle has been faulted for failing to give others credit for some of his ideas, but this is not of much interest to us, though we can note that he likely absorbed some of Wittgenstein's ideas while the two were at Oxford. Certainly Ryle's book shows traces of exposure to Wittgenstein. Ryle's attitude that careful definitions suffice to reduce philosophical problems to solvable puzzles reflects Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations, which was completed in 1945 but not published until after Ryle's book was issued. Ryle is also accused of unconsciously plagiarizing Schopenhauer.[zw2] To be fair, however, let us bear in mind A.N. Whitehead's characterization of western philosophy as "a series of footnotes to Plato."
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